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Topic Areas:

(RM Chapter 3 new section on Edge Computing w/o OpenStack specifics)

Edge deployment scenarios

...

Controlled: Indoors, Protected, and Restricted environments. Data Centers, Central Offices, Indoor venues. Operational benefits for installation and maintenance, and reduced need for hardening/ruggedized.

Exposed: Outdoors, Exposed, Harsh and Unprotected environments. Expensive rugged equipment

...

Cloud partitioning: Host Aggregates, Availability Zones

OpenStack Edge Reference Architecture provides more depth and details

Edge Deployments:

Small footprint edge device: only networking agents

...

HA at edge (at least 2 edge servers): Multiple Controller and multiple Compute nodes

SDN Networking support on Edge


(RM Potential Ch 2 as a specialised workoad type)

Network Function as a Service (NFaaS)

Higher level services such as Network Functions (includes composition of Network Functions to form higher level services) offered on Telco and other clouds (HCP, specialised, etc.). While here the discussion is about NFaaS, this is equally applicable to anything as a service (XaaS)

  • NFaaS offered on one or more Cloud Services (Telco, HCP, others) including at the Edge
    • Network integration and Service Chaining
    • Security Considerations including delegated User Authentication & Authorization
    • Commercial arrangements including User Management

(RM Ch03 as a sub-section of Introduction)

Hybrid Multi-Cloud Enabled Edge Architecture

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(PG: In the above diagram, replace "Local" with "Metro")

  • The Telco Operator An enterprise may own and/or have partnerships and network connections to utilize multiple Clouds - together An Enterprise's Clouds (EnCloud)
    • for network services, IT workloads, external subscribers
    • On Prem Private
      • Open source; Operator or Vendor deployed and managed  | OpenStack or Kubernetes based
      • Vendor developed; Operator or Vendor deployed and managed  | Examples: Azure on Prem, VMWare, Packet, Nokia, Ericsson, etc.
    • On Prem Public: Commercial Cloud service hosted at Operator location but for both Operator and Public use | Example: AWS Wavelength
    • Outsourced Private: hosting outsourced; hosting can be at a Commercial Cloud Service | Examples: Equinix, AWS, etc.
    • (Outsourced) Public: Commercial Cloud Service | Examples: AWS, Azure, VMWare, etc.
    • Multiple different Clouds can be co-located in the same physical location and may share some of the physical infrastructure (for example, racks)
TypeSystem DeveloperSystem MaintenanceSystem Operated & Managed byLocation where DeployedPrimary Resource Consumption Models
Private (Internal Users)Open SourceSelf/VendorSelf/VendorOn PremReserved, Dedicated
PrivateVendor | HCPSelf/VendorSelf/VendorOn PremReserved, Dedicated
PublicVendor | HCPSelf/VendorSelf/VendorOn PremReserved, On Demand
PrivateHCPVendorVendorVendor LocationsReserved, Dedicated
Public (All Users)HCPVendorVendorVendor LocationsOn Demand, Reserved


  • Each Telco Cloud Each EnCloud consists of multiple interconnected Regions
  • An EnCloud A Telco Cloud Region may connect to multiple regions of another EnCloud another Telco Cloud (large capacity networks)
  • An EnCloud A Telco Cloud also consists of interconnected local sites (multiple hierarchies are possible scenarios)
  • An EnCloudA Telco Cloud's local site may connect to multiple Regions within that EnCloud that Telco Cloud or another EnCloudTelco Cloud
  • A Telco Cloud An EnCloud also consists of a large number of interconnected edge nodes
  • Edge nodes are may be impermanent
  • An EnCloudA Telco Cloud's Edge node may connect to multiple local sites within that EnCloud that Telco Cloud or another EnCloudTelco Cloud; an Edge node may rarely connect to an EnCloud Regionan Telco Cloud Region


(RM Ch03 the new Edge Section)

Comparison of Edge terms from various Open Source Efforts


Characteristics
Other Terms
CNTT Term?ComputeStorageNetworking

RTT*

SecurityScalabilityElasticityResiliency

Preferred Workload

Architecture

Upgrades
OpenStackOPNFV EdgeEdge GlossaryGSMA

Regional Data Center (DC)


Fixed

1000's

Standardised

>1 CPU

>20 cores/CPU


10's EB

Standardised

HDD and NVMe

Permanence


>100 Gbps

Standardised

~100 msHighly SecureHorizontal and unlimited scalingRapid spin up and down

Infrastructure architected for resiliency

Redundancy for FT and HA

Microservices based

Stateless

Hosted on Containers

HW Refresh: ?

Firmware: When required

Platform SW: CD


Central Data Center


Metro Data Centers


Fixed

10's to 100's

Standardised

>1 CPU

>20 cores/CPU

100's PB

Standardised

NVMe on PCIe

Permanence

> 100 Gbps

Standardised

~10 msHighly SecureHorizontal but limited scalingRapid spin up and down

Infrastructure architected for some level of resiliency

Redundancy for limited FT and HA

Microservices based

Stateless

Hosted on Containers

HW Refresh: ?

Firmware: When required

Platform SW: CD


Edge SiteLarge EdgeAggregation Edge

Edge


Fixed / Mobile

10's

Some Variability

>=1 CPU

>10 cores/CPU

100 TB

Standardised

NVMe on PCIe

Permanence / Ephemeral

50 Gbps

Standardised

~5 msLow Level of TrustHorizontal but highly constrained scaling, if anyRapid spin up (when possible) and down

Applications designed for resiliency against infra failures

No or highly limited  redundancy

Microservices based

Stateless

Hosted on Containers

HW Refresh: ?

Firmware: When required

Platform SW: CD


Far Edge SiteMedium EdgeAccess Edge / Aggregation Edge

Mini-/Micro-Edge


Mobile / Fixed

1's

High Variability

Harsh Environments

1 CPU

>2 cores/CPU

10's GB

NVMe

Ephemeral

Caching

10 Gbps

Connectivity not Guaranteed

<2 ms

Located in network proximity of EUD/IoT

UntrustedLimited Vertical Scaling (resizing)Constrained

Applications designed for resiliency against infra failures

No or highly limited  redundancy

Microservices based or monolithic

Stateless or Stateful

Hosted on Containers or VMs

Subject to QoS, adaptive to resource availability, viz. reduce resource consumption as they saturate

HW Refresh: ?

Firmware: ?

Platform SW: ?


Fog Computing (Mostly deprecated terminology)

Extreme Edge 

Far Edge

Small EdgeAccess Edge
*RTT: Round Trip Times
 EUD: End User Devices
 IoT: Internet of Things

Glossary