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The GSMA whitepaper on "Operator Platform Concept Phase 1: Edge Cloud Computing" (January 2020) states, "Given the wide diversity of use cases that the operators will tasked to address, from healthcare to industrial IoT, it seems logical for operators to create a generic platform that can package the existing assets and capabilities (e.g., voice messaging, IP data services, billing, security, identity management, etc. ...) as well as the new ones that 5G makes available (e.g., Edge cloud, network slicing, etc.) in such a way as to create the necessary flexibility required by this new breed of enterprise customers."
Cloud computing has evolved and matured since 2010 when NIST (http://csrc.nist.gov/publications/nistpubs/800-145/SP800-145.pd) published its definition of cloud computing, with its 5 essential characteristics, 3 service models and 4 deployment models. The generic model for cloud computing types has to be "hybrid" as the special cases of purely private or public clouds are subsets of the generic hybrid cloud deployment model. In a hybrid cloud deployment, at least two or more distinct cloud infrastructures are connected together.
Cloud deployments can be created using a variety of open-source (e.g., OpenStack, Kubernetes) and commercial technologies (e.g., VMware). A multi-cloud deployment consists of the use of more than one technology.
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